【Python】turtle绘制光路图（高中物理几何光学）
根据高中物理知识编写的简易作图脚本```
#反射定理 i1′=i1
#折射定理 n1*sin(i1)=n2*sin(i2)
import turtle as t
from math import *
def Get_n(index): #获取折射率
subs=["₁", "₂"]
while True:
n=eval(input("n{}=".format(subs)))
if n>0:
break
else:
print("折射率应为正")
continue
return n
def Get_i1(): #获取入射角
while True:
i1=eval(input("i₁ /deg="))
if 0<=i1<=90:
break
else:
print("入射角范围为0~90°")
continue
return i1
def Set_Parameters(): #设置参数
global n1, n2, C, i1, i2, i1_ #两种介质折射率n1, n2 临界角C 入射角i1 折射角i2 反射角i1_(i1′)
n1=Get_n(0)
n2=Get_n(1)
i1=Get_i1()
i1_=i1
if i1==90:
i1_=i2=None
else:
if n1>n2:
C=degrees(asin(n2/n1)) #计算临界角判断是否全反射
print("C={:.2f}°".format(C))
if i1>=round(C,3):
i2=None
else:
i2=degrees(asin(n1*sin(radians(i1))/n2))
else:
i2=degrees(asin(n1*sin(radians(i1))/n2))
def Set_Turtles():#设置海龟
global incident_wave, reflected_wave, refracted_wave, normal_line, interface, annotation
incident_wave=t.Turtle() #画入射光
reflected_wave=t.Turtle() #画反射光
refracted_wave=t.Turtle() #画折射光
normal_line=t.Turtle() #画法线
interface=t.Turtle() #画反射界面
annotation=t.Turtle() #标注
incident_wave.ht() #隐藏海龟
reflected_wave.ht()
refracted_wave.ht()
normal_line.ht()
interface.ht()
annotation.ht()
incident_wave.speed(0) #设置为速度最快
reflected_wave.speed(0)
refracted_wave.speed(0)
normal_line.speed(0)
interface.speed(0)
annotation.speed(0)
incident_wave.width(5) #调整粗细
reflected_wave.width(5)
refracted_wave.width(5)
normal_line.width(3)
interface.width(3)
annotation.width(3)
incident_wave.color("red")
reflected_wave.color("red")
refracted_wave.color("red")
incident_wave.up()
reflected_wave.up()
refracted_wave.up()
normal_line.up()
interface.up()
annotation.up()
def Draw_interface(): #画反射界面
interface.goto(-300,0)
interface.down()
interface.fd(600)
def Draw_normal_line(): #画法线
normal_line.goto(0,300)
normal_line.rt(90)
for i in range(60):
normal_line.down()
normal_line.fd(5)
normal_line.up()
normal_line.fd(5)
def Draw_incident_wave(): #画入射光
incident_wave.goto(300*cos(radians(i1)+pi/2),300*sin(radians(i1)+pi/2))
incident_wave.down()
incident_wave.seth(270+i1)
incident_wave.fd(300)
incident_wave.goto(150*cos(radians(i1)+pi/2),150*sin(radians(i1)+pi/2))
incident_wave.rt(150)
incident_wave.begin_fill()
for i in range(3):
incident_wave.fd(10)
incident_wave.rt(120)
incident_wave.end_fill()
def Draw_reflected_wave():#画反射光
reflected_wave.down()
if i1_==None:
reflected_wave.seth(0)
reflected_wave.fd(300)
reflected_wave.goto(150,0)
else:
reflected_wave.seth(90-i1_)
reflected_wave.fd(300)
reflected_wave.goto(150*cos(pi/2-radians(i1_)),150*sin(pi/2-radians(i1_)))
reflected_wave.rt(150)
reflected_wave.begin_fill()
for i in range(3):
reflected_wave.fd(10)
reflected_wave.rt(120)
reflected_wave.end_fill()
def Draw_refracted_wave():#画折射光
if i2==None:
pass
else: #total_internal_reflection=False
refracted_wave.down()
refracted_wave.seth(270+i2)
refracted_wave.fd(300)
refracted_wave.goto(150*cos(radians(i2)+pi*3/2),150*sin(radians(i2)+pi*3/2))
refracted_wave.rt(150)
refracted_wave.begin_fill()
for i in range(3):
refracted_wave.fd(10)
refracted_wave.rt(120)
refracted_wave.end_fill()
def Write_annotation(): #标注
annotation.color("green")
annotation.goto(-300,5)
annotation.write("n₁={:.2f}".format(n1), font=("Arial",40,"normal"))
annotation.goto(-300,-60)
annotation.write("n₂={:.2f}".format(n2), font=("Arial",40,"normal"))
annotation.color("blue")
#标注入射角
if i1==90:
pass
else:
annotation.goto(-30,45)
annotation.write("i₁", font=("Arial",30,"normal"))
annotation.goto(0,45)
annotation.down()
annotation.seth(180)
annotation.circle(45,i1)
annotation.up()
#标注反射角
if i1_==None:
pass
else:
annotation.goto(5,50)
annotation.write("i₁′", font=("Arial",30,"normal"))
annotation.goto(0,50)
annotation.down()
annotation.seth(0)
annotation.circle(-50,i1_)
annotation.up()
#标注折射角
if i2==None:
pass
else:
annotation.goto(5,-95)
annotation.write("i₂", font=("Arial",30,"normal"))
annotation.goto(0,-50)
annotation.down()
annotation.seth(0)
annotation.circle(50,i2)
annotation.up()
#标注参数
annotation.goto(-300,-100)
if i1==90:
pass
else:
annotation.write("i₁={:.2f}°".format(i1), font=("Arial",30,"normal"))
annotation.goto(-300,-150)
if i1_==None:
pass
else:
annotation.write("i₁′={:.2f}°".format(i1_), font=("Arial",30,"normal"))
annotation.goto(-300,-200)
if i2==None and i1<90:
annotation.write("全反射", font=("Arial",30,"normal"))
elif i2!=None:
annotation.write("i₂={:.2f}°".format(i2), font=("Arial",30,"normal"))
def main():
Set_Parameters()
Set_Turtles()
Draw_interface()
Draw_normal_line()
Draw_incident_wave()
Draw_reflected_wave()
Draw_refracted_wave()
Write_annotation()
t.done()
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
```
调试：输入参数后回车输入下一个
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