Python批量备份交换机配置+自动巡检
继上次发帖批量备份的功能后，有坛友要求增加功能，目前版本支持SSH、Telnet、自定义端口，增加了部分异常处理。设备厂商支持思科、华为、华三。
自动巡检功能考虑到不同设备回显有所不同，需要大量正则匹配，暂时没时间搞这些，所以索性将命令回显全部显示，没做进一步的回显提取。
以下是程序运行示例：
#自动备份配置：
备份完成后，将配置保存于程序目录下的conf_bak文件夹下，如图所示：
#自动巡检交换机设备：
使用前需创建excel文档，写入设备登录信息，格式如下：
本人编码能力一般，没学过多少，大佬们勿喷，源码奉上：
# coding=utf-8
from netmiko import ConnectHandler
from openpyxl import load_workbook
import os
from sys import exit
from netmiko import exceptions
import re
# 读取excel内设备列表信息
def check_and_get_dev_list(filename, sheet_name):
excel_information = []
sheet_header = []
wb = load_workbook(filename)
sh = wb
# 获取最大行数
row = sh.max_row
# 获取最大列数
column = sh.max_column
data = []
# 获取表头写入列表中方便调用
for data_1 in range(1, column+1):
get_sheet_header = sh.cell(row=1, column=data_1).value
sheet_header.append(get_sheet_header)
# 第一行为表头， 此处 row +1 是pyton循环时不读取最后一个数
for row_1 in range(2, row + 1):
# 存储一行信息
sheet_data_1 = dict()
# 逐行读取表中的数据
for b in range(1, column + 1):
cell = sh.cell(row=row_1, column=b).value
# 将数据已字典形式写入 sheet_data_1 中
# if cell != None:
sheet_data_1] = cell
excel_information.append(sheet_data_1)
for i in excel_information:
if i['ip'] != None:
data.append(i)
return data
#获取excel数据并整合成dev字典
def get_dev():
res = check_and_get_dev_list('./resource.xlsx', 'Sheet1')
devices = []
for i in res:
if i['protocol'] == 'telnet':
i['type'] = i['type']+'_telnet'
dev = {'device_type':i['type'],
'host': i['ip'],
'username': i['username'],
'password': i['password'],
'secret': i['enpassword'],
'port': i['port'],}
devices.append(dev)
return devices
# 配置批量备份导出
def devices_confbak(devices=''):
# 创建备份文件夹
try:
path = './conf_bak'
os.makedirs(path)
except FileExistsError:
pass
# 存储连接失败的IP
failed_ips = []
# 循环登录设备获取配置
for dev in devices:
try:
with ConnectHandler(**dev) as conn:
print('\n----------成功登录到：' + dev['host'] + '----------')
conn.enable()
if 'cisco_ios' in dev['device_type']:
output = conn.send_command(command_string='show run')
elif 'huawei' or 'hp_comware' in dev['device_type']:
output = conn.send_command(command_string='dis current-configuration')
else:
print('error')
with open('./conf_bak/'+ dev['host'] +'_conf_bak.txt', mode='w', encoding='utf8') as f:
print('正在备份:'+dev['host'])
# 文件读写异常处理
try:
f.write(output)
except PermissionError:
print('*****-无写入权限，请将文件夹赋予读写权限-*****')
continue
else:
print('备份成功！')
# 连接异常处理
except exceptions.NetmikoAuthenticationException:
print('\n**********'+dev['host']+'：登录验证失败！**********')
failed_ips.append(dev['host'])
continue
except exceptions.NetmikoTimeoutException:
print('\n**********'+dev['host']+'：目标不可达！**********')
failed_ips.append(dev['host'])
continue
except exceptions.ReadTimeout:
print('\n**********'+dev['host']+'：读取超时，请检查enable密码是否正确！**********')
failed_ips.append(dev['host'])
continue
if len(failed_ips) > 0:
print('\n以下设备连接失败,请检查：')
for x in failed_ips:
print(x)
return 1
# 配置巡检
def devices_autocheck(devices='', cmd=''):
# 存储命令执行回显
results = []
try:
for x in range(len(devices)):
# 循环登录设备
with ConnectHandler(**devices) as conn:
conn.enable()
print('正在巡检：'+devices['host']+' ...')
result = ['host'],devices['device_type']]
for i in range(len(cmd)):
# 循环执行命令，根据不同设备执行不同命令
if 'cisco_ios' in devices['device_type']:
output = conn.send_command(command_string=str(cmd['cisco']))
elif 'huawei' or 'hp_comware' in devices['device_type']:
conn.send_command(command_string='sys',expect_string=']')
output = conn.send_command(command_string=str(cmd['huawei']))
result.append(output)
results.append(result)
except exceptions.NetmikoAuthenticationException:
print('\n**********'+devices['host']+'：登录验证失败！**********')
except exceptions.NetmikoTimeoutException:
print('\n**********' + devices['host'] + '：目标不可达！**********')
except exceptions.ReadTimeout:
print('\n**********' + devices['host'] + '：读取超时，请检查enable密码是否正确！**********')
return results
# 计算内存使用率
def get_mem(memstr,devtype=''):
if 'cisco' in devtype:
total_match = re.search(r'Processor Pool Total:\s+(\d+)', memstr)
used_match = re.search(r'Used:\s+(\d+)', memstr)
# 提取总数和已用数，并将其转换为整数
total = int(total_match.group(1))
used = int(used_match.group(1))
# 计算使用百分比
percentage = used / total * 100
return f"{percentage:.0f}%"
elif 'huawei' in devtype:
match = re.search(r"Memory Using Percentage Is:\s*(\d+)%", memstr)
if match:
memory_percentage = match.group(1)
return memory_percentage+'%'
else:
return "No match found."
# 获取CPU利用率
def get_cpu(cpustr,devtype=''):
if 'cisco' in devtype:
pattern = r"CPU utilization for five seconds: (\d+)%"
match = re.search(pattern, cpustr)
if match:
cpu_utilization = match.group(1)
return cpu_utilization+'%'
else:
return "No match found."
elif 'huawei' in devtype:
match = re.search(r"\b(\d+(\.\d+)?)%.*?\bMax", cpustr)
if match:
cpu_utilization = match.group(1)
return cpu_utilization+'%'
else:
return "No match found."
# 运行主程序
if __name__ == '__main__':
while True:
print("\n##############################################\n")
print("1：批量备份交换机配置")
print("2：批量巡检交换机设备")
print("0：退出")
option = str(input("请输入需要的操作编号："))
if option == '1':
dev = get_dev()
devices_confbak(devices=dev)
continue
elif option == '2':
# 定义巡检命令
# cmds['cisco']
# cmds['huawei']
cmds = [
{'cisco':'show clock','huawei':'display clock'}, #检查时钟
{'cisco':'show env power','huawei':'display power'}, #检查电源
{'cisco':'show env fan','huawei':'display fan'}, #检查风扇
{'cisco':'show env temperature status', 'huawei': 'display environment'},#检查温度
{'cisco':'show processes cpu', 'huawei': 'display cpu-usage'}, #检查CPU利用率
{'cisco':'show processes memory', 'huawei': 'display memory-usage'}, #检查内存利用率
]
dev = get_dev()
checkres = devices_autocheck(dev,cmds)
for res in checkres:
# print(res)
print('\n+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++')
print(res+'-巡检结果：')
print('\n时钟：\n'+res)
print('电源：\n'+res)
print('风扇：\n'+res)
if 'Unrecognized command' in res:
print('温度：\n该设备不支持获取此数据！')
else:print('温度：\n'+res)
print('CPU利用率：\n' + get_cpu(res,res))
print('内存利用率：\n' + get_mem(res,res))
print('\n+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++')
continue
elif option == '0':
break
else:
print("请输入正确的编号！")
感谢分享，学习学习，感觉挺有用 大佬为什么我运行报错呀，（本人不会py）
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\PYdemo\新建 文本文档.py", line 195, in <module>
checkres = devices_autocheck(dev,cmds)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\PYdemo\新建 文本文档.py", line 113, in devices_autocheck
with ConnectHandler(**devices) as conn:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\PY\Lib\site-packages\netmiko\ssh_dispatcher.py", line 383, in ConnectHandler
raise ValueError(
ValueError: Unsupported 'device_type' currently supported platforms are:
a10
accedian
adtran_os
adva_fsp150f2
adva_fsp150f3
alcatel_aos
alcatel_sros
allied_telesis_awplus
apresia_aeos
arista_eos
arris_cer
aruba_os
aruba_osswitch
aruba_procurve
audiocode_66
audiocode_72
audiocode_shell
avaya_ers
avaya_vsp
broadcom_icos
brocade_fastiron
brocade_fos
brocade_netiron
brocade_nos
brocade_vdx
brocade_vyos
calix_b6
casa_cmts
cdot_cros
centec_os
checkpoint_gaia
ciena_saos
cisco_asa
cisco_ftd
cisco_ios
cisco_nxos
cisco_s200
cisco_s300
cisco_tp
cisco_viptela
cisco_wlc
cisco_xe
cisco_xr
cloudgenix_ion
coriant
dell_dnos9
dell_force10
dell_isilon
dell_os10
dell_os6
dell_os9
dell_powerconnect
dell_sonic
dlink_ds
eltex
eltex_esr
endace
enterasys
ericsson_ipos
ericsson_mltn63
ericsson_mltn66
extreme
extreme_ers
extreme_exos
extreme_netiron
extreme_nos
extreme_slx
extreme_tierra
extreme_vdx
extreme_vsp
extreme_wing
f5_linux
f5_ltm
f5_tmsh
flexvnf
fortinet
generic
generic_termserver
hillstone_stoneos
hp_comware
hp_procurve
huawei
huawei_olt
huawei_smartax
huawei_vrp
huawei_vrpv8
ipinfusion_ocnos
juniper
juniper_junos
juniper_screenos
keymile
keymile_nos
linux
mellanox
mellanox_mlnxos
mikrotik_routeros
mikrotik_switchos
mrv_lx
mrv_optiswitch
netapp_cdot
netgear_prosafe
netscaler
nokia_srl
nokia_sros
oneaccess_oneos
ovs_linux
paloalto_panos
pluribus
quanta_mesh
rad_etx
raisecom_roap
ruckus_fastiron
ruijie_os
sixwind_os
sophos_sfos
supermicro_smis
teldat_cit
tplink_jetstream
ubiquiti_edge
ubiquiti_edgerouter
ubiquiti_edgeswitch
ubiquiti_unifiswitch
vyatta_vyos
vyos
watchguard_fireware
yamaha
zte_zxros
zyxel_os
进程已结束，退出代码为 1
不错不错给你点个赞 谢谢分享 谢谢分享 菜鸡学习学习,想要把交换机巡检的输出打印在cmd显示怎么弄的？ 需要这样的东西 baigei2333 发表于 2023-3-27 08:43
菜鸡学习学习,想要把交换机巡检的输出打印在cmd显示怎么弄的？
在cmd里运行就好了呀，python ./xxx.py winty 发表于 2023-3-27 09:12
在cmd里运行就好了呀，python ./xxx.py
这样吗，谢谢 谢谢，之前那个也不错，不过就不能用于其他交换机厂家 谢谢分享，学习中