python获取地区，存储文件和数据库两种方式
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
编码是长度固定为12位的纯数字
四川省/成都市/武候区/石羊街道/府城社区居委会
+----+----+----+-----+-----+
| 51 | 01 | 07 | 063 | 009 |
+----+----+----+-----+-----+
根据实测情况，抓取不同等级范围的数据，耗时差别巨大，详情如下：
3级数据：3分钟左右
4级数据：30分钟左右
5级数据：8个小时以上
"""
import requests
from lxml import etree
import traceback
import time
import pymysql
# 关闭 https 相关的警告
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
# 国家统计局 (National Bureau Of Statistics) 行政区划数据抓取的主URL
HOME_URL = "https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2023"
# 是否开启打印输出
ENABLE_PRINT = False
"""
# 区域等级： 1:province-省份/直辖市 2:city-地市 3:area-区/县 4:town-乡镇/街道 5:villages-社区/村委会
# 最大抓取深度，最抓取到哪一个层级的区域数据，总共5级
"""
MAX_GRAB_LEVEL = 3
# 是否开启将数据写入到MySql
ENABLE_MYSQL_INSERTION = False
# 是否开启将数据写入到文件
ENABLE_FILE_WRITE = True
# 遇到列值为 null 时，是否跳过这条记录，继续向下执行
SKIP_NULL_COLUMN_VALUE = True
# 抓取的最大数据条数，主要用于调代码，避免输出内容太多，负数代表抓取所有
MAX_GRAB_COUNT = -1
# 当前正在处理的省份，用于判断是否是直辖市
current_province_name = None
# 当前正在处理的城市名，用于判断提交MySql时，日志输出
current_city_name = None
# 连接MySql，请根据实际情况修改
try:
if ENABLE_MYSQL_INSERTION:
db = pymysql.connect(
host="localhost", user="root", passwd="root", port=3306, db="efm_cor"
)
cursor = db.cursor()
print("连接Mysql成功")
if ENABLE_FILE_WRITE:
# 打开一个文件
file = open("D:/desktop/region.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8")
file.write("code,name,parent,province,city,area,town,villages,level\n")
except:
if ENABLE_MYSQL_INSERTION:
print("连接MySql失败")
if ENABLE_FILE_WRITE:
print("打开文件失败")
exit
def print_info(message: str):
# 自定义一个内容输出方法，主要目的是可以统一控制是否输出，用于调试
if ENABLE_PRINT:
print(message)
def region_factory(code: str, name: str, parent_code: str, level: int):
"""
插入一条记录到MySql，但不提交
参数：
code(str): 区域编码
name(str): 区域名称
parent_code(str): 父级编码
level(int): 区域层级，
1: 省/直辖市
2: 市
3: 区/县
4: 乡镇/街道
5: 社区/村委会
"""
if code is None or name is None:
print(
"发现null值：code={}, name={}, parent_code={}, level={}".format(
code, name, parent_code, level
)
)
if SKIP_NULL_COLUMN_VALUE:
return
else:
if ENABLE_MYSQL_INSERTION:
print("插入到MySql时遇到 Null 列值，程序将退出")
db.close()
if ENABLE_FILE_WRITE:
file.close()
exit()
if ENABLE_MYSQL_INSERTION:
sql = "insert into plm_com_province_city(`code`, `name`, `parent`, `province`, `city`, `area`, `town`, `villages`, `level`) values ('{}', '{}', '{}', '{}', '{}', '{}', '{}', '{}', {})".format(
code,
name,
parent_code,
code[:2] + "0000000000",
code[:4] + "00000000",
code[:6] + "000000",
code[:9] + "000",
code,
level,
)
sql = sql.replace("None", code)
print_info(sql)
cursor.execute(sql)
if ENABLE_FILE_WRITE:
str = "{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{}".format(
code,
name,
parent_code,
code[:2] + "0000000000",
code[:4] + "00000000",
code[:6] + "000000",
code[:9] + "000",
code,
level,
)
str = str.replace("None", code)
print_info(str)
file.write(str + "\n")
def commit_for_mysql():
global db, current_province_name
try:
db.commit()
print(
"保存<{}·{}>行政区划数据到MySql成功".format(
current_province_name, current_city_name
)
)
except Exception as e:
db.rollback()
print("保存" + current_province_name + "的行政区划数据到MySql失败")
print(traceback.format_exc())
def get_html(url: str):
try_count = 0
while try_count < 3:
try_count += 1
try:
if try_count == 1:
time.sleep(0.1)
# 第一次抓取失败
elif try_count == 2:
time.sleep(1)
else:
time.sleep(2)
response = requests.get(url)
response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
return etree.HTML(response.text)
except Exception:
if try_count > 3:
print(traceback.format_exc())
print(
"连续 {} 次抓取 {} 页面时发生错误, 将放弃本页面的数据抓取。可能被服务怀疑是爬虫，拒绝了网络连接，因此休息10秒".format(
try_count, url
)
)
time.sleep(10)
return None
else:
print("第 {} 次抓取 {} 网页文本失败".format(try_count, url))
def grap_all_provinces():
"""
抓取所有省份
"""
html = get_html(HOME_URL + "/index.html")
province_nodes = html.xpath('//*/tr[@class="provincetr"]/td/a')
grabed_count = 0
for province_node in province_nodes:
grabed_count += 1
province_city_link = HOME_URL + "/" + province_node.attrib["href"]
province_code = province_node.attrib["href"] + "0000000000"
province_name = province_node.text.strip()
global current_province_name
current_province_name = province_name
print_info(
"province_code={}, province_name={}".format(province_code, province_name)
)
region_factory(province_code, province_name, None, 1)
if MAX_GRAB_LEVEL >= 2:
grab_province_cities(province_city_link, province_code, province_name)
if MAX_GRAB_COUNT > 0 and grabed_count >= MAX_GRAB_COUNT:
break
def grab_province_cities(
province_city_link: str, province_code: str, province_name: str
):
"""
抓取单个省/直辖市下的城市/区县
参数:
province_city_link(str): 省/直辖市区域页面的完整 url
province_code(str): 城市所属的省份编码
province_name(str): 城市所属的省份名称
"""
print(
"开始抓取省份（{}）的城市列表, URL={}".format(province_name, province_city_link)
)
html = get_html(province_city_link)
if html is None:
print("抓取省份（{}）的城市列表失败".format(province_name))
return
cityNodes = html.xpath('//*/tr[@class="citytr"]')
grabed_count = 0
global current_city_name
for cityNode in cityNodes:
link_nodes = cityNode.xpath("./*/a")
city_code = link_nodes.text
city_name = link_nodes.text.strip()
current_city_name = city_name
region_factory(city_code, city_name, province_code, 2)
print_info("city_code={}, city_name={}".format(city_code, city_name))
if MAX_GRAB_LEVEL >= 3 and link_nodes.attrib.has_key("href"):
county_link = (
province_city_link
+ "/"
+ link_nodes.attrib["href"]
)
grap_city_couties(county_link, city_code, city_name)
if ENABLE_MYSQL_INSERTION:
# 以城市为最小提交单位
commit_for_mysql()
if MAX_GRAB_COUNT > 0 and grabed_count >= MAX_GRAB_COUNT:
break
def grap_city_couties(city_county_link: str, city_code: str, city_name: str):
"""
抓取单个城市下的区/县
参数:
city_county_link(str): 城市区/县页面的完整 url
city_code(str): 城市的编码
city_name(str): 城市的名称
"""
print("开始抓取城市（{}）的区/县列表, URL={}".format(city_name, city_county_link))
html = get_html(city_county_link)
if html is None:
print("抓取城市（{}）的区/县列表失败".format(city_name))
return
county_nodes = html.xpath('//*/tr[@class="countytr"]')
grabed_count = 0
global current_province_name
for county_node in county_nodes:
grabed_count += 1
county_link_nodes = county_node.xpath("./*/a")
if len(county_link_nodes) == 0:
# 没有<a>标签，通常是直辖市的市辖区，内容抓取方式不同
county_code = county_node.xpath("./td").text
county_name = county_node.xpath("./td").text
region_factory(county_code, county_name, city_code, 3)
print_info(
"county_code={}, county_name={}, parent_code={}".format(
county_code, county_name, city_code
)
)
else:
county_code = county_link_nodes.text
county_name = county_link_nodes.text
region_factory(county_code, county_name, city_code, 3)
print_info(
"county_code={}, county_name={}, level=2, parent_code = {}".format(
county_code, county_name, city_code
)
)
if MAX_GRAB_LEVEL >= 4 and county_link_nodes.attrib.has_key("href"):
town_link = (
city_county_link
+ "/"
+ county_link_nodes.attrib["href"]
)
grap_county_towns(town_link, county_code, county_name)
if MAX_GRAB_COUNT > 0 and grabed_count >= MAX_GRAB_COUNT:
break
def grap_county_towns(county_town_link: str, county_code: str, county_name: str):
"""
抓取单个区/县下的乡镇/街道
参数:
county_town_link(str): 乡镇/街道数据页面完整的 url
county_code(str): 区/县的编码
county_name(str): 区/县的名称
"""
print(
"开始抓取区县（{}）的街道/乡镇列表, URL={}".format(
county_name, county_town_link
)
)
html = get_html(county_town_link)
if html is None:
print("抓取区县（{}）的街道/乡镇列表失败".format(county_name))
return
town_nodes = html.xpath('//*/tr[@class="towntr"]')
grabed_count = 0
for town_node in town_nodes:
grabed_count += 1
village_link_nodes = town_node.xpath("./*/a")
town_code = village_link_nodes.text
town_name = village_link_nodes.text
print_info("town_code={}, town_name={}".format(town_code, town_name))
region_factory(town_code, town_name, county_code, 4)
if MAX_GRAB_LEVEL >= 5 and village_link_nodes.attrib.has_key("href"):
village_link = (
county_town_link
+ "/"
+ village_link_nodes.attrib["href"]
)
grap_town_villages(village_link, town_code, town_name)
if MAX_GRAB_COUNT > 0 and grabed_count >= MAX_GRAB_COUNT:
break
def grap_town_villages(town_village_url: str, town_code: str, town_name: str):
"""
抓取单个街道/乡镇下的社区/村委会
参数:
town_village_url(str): 社区/村委会数据页面完整的 url
town_code(str): 街道/乡镇的编码
town_name(str): 街道/乡镇的名称
"""
print_info(
"开始抓取街道/乡镇下（{}）的社区/村委会列表, URL={}".format(
town_name, town_village_url
)
)
html = get_html(town_village_url)
if html is None:
print("抓取街道/乡镇下（{}）的社区/村委会列表失败".format(town_name))
return
village_nodes = html.xpath('//*/tr[@class="villagetr"]')
grabed_count = 0
for village_node in village_nodes:
grabed_count += 1
village_info_columns = village_node.xpath("./td")
village_code = village_info_columns.text
village_name = village_info_columns.text
region_factory(village_code, village_name, town_code, 5)
print_info(
"village_code={}, village_code={}".format(village_code, village_name)
)
if MAX_GRAB_COUNT > 0 and grabed_count >= MAX_GRAB_COUNT:
break
# 正式执行数据抓取任务
grap_all_provinces()
if ENABLE_MYSQL_INSERTION:
db.close()
if ENABLE_FILE_WRITE:
file.close()
哈哈哈哈哈，厉害了
"https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2023"
https://www.stats.gov.cn/robots.txt直接404 学习学习 谢谢贴主 gov少爬{:301_975:} 厉害，抓国家统计局的数据，我看都不敢看{:1_926:} 哈哈哈哈哈，厉害了 学习了，谢谢！ 活到老学到老 学习了，谢谢！
都是大佬啊
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