python的scrapy框架爬取Boos直聘无果，被封ip了

lyz88588 发表于 2020-10-30 11:57

新手学习爬虫进入困境咯。。。

第一，创建items：
class BoosItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
title_name = scrapy.Field(serializer=str) # 岗位名称
company_name = scrapy.Field(serializer=str) # 公司名称
job_limit = scrapy.Field(serializer=str) # 薪资
job_desc = scrapy.Field(serializer=str) # 工作详情
pass

第二编写BoosSpider
class BoosSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'Boos'
# allowed_domains = ['www.zhipin.com']
start_urls = ['https://www.zhipin.com/c101120100/?query=python&page=1']
# base_url = 'https://www.zhipin.com'

# 回调函数接受item
def parse_detail(self,response):
   item = response.meta['item']
   item['job_desc'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="main"]/div/div/div/div/div/div/text()').extract()
   yield item

def parse(self, response):
   # print(response)
   li_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="job-list"]/ul/li')
   # print(li_list)
   for li in li_list:
         item = BoosItem()
         item['title_name'] =li.xpath('./div/div/div/div/div/span/a/text()').extract_first()
         item['company_name'] =li.xpath('./div/div/div/div/h3/a/text()').extract_first()
         item['job_limit'] =li.xpath('./div/div/div/div/div/span/text()').extract_first()
         # 对详情页发请求获取详情页的页面源码数据
         # 手动请求的发送
         # 请求传参：meta={}，可以将meta字典传递给请求对应的回调函数
         details_url = 'https://www.zhipin.com'+li.xpath('./div/div/div/div/@href').extract_first()
         yield scrapy.Request(details_url,callback=self.parse_detail,meta={'item':item})

在这里就出现问题了，正常的是返回一个空列表返回一个空数据，我返回了一下response，发现是错误的页面，所以导致无法获取

第三，编写中间件：
# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

from scrapy import signals
from selenium import webdriver
import random
import time
from scrapy.http.response.html import HtmlResponse
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options # 引入无头

# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter

class CookiesMiddlewares(object):
USER_AGENTS = [
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
   "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
]
def __init__(self):
   print("初始化浏览器")
   # 创建一个无头对象，用来控制谷歌浏览器无界面模式打开
   # chrome_options = Options()
   # chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
   # chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')chrome_options=chrome_options
   self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()

def process_request(self,request,spider):
   user_agent =random.choice(self.USER_AGENTS)
   request.headers['User-Agents'] = user_agent
   self.driver.get(request.url)
   time.sleep(5)
   # 我们等待5秒钟，让其加载
   source = self.driver.page_source
   #获取页面的源码
   response = HtmlResponse(url=self.driver.current_url,body=source,request=request,encoding='utf-8')
   # Response 对象用来描述一个HTTP响应
   return response
   # 这样我们就获取到了所有的信息，并返回response

到这里我使用了selenium打开网页，在进行获取，可以打开相关网页，可以跳转详情页获取，但是还没有获取完毕，就被封IP了

第四，
class BoosPipeline:
def process_item(self, item, spider):
   print(item)
   return item

这里想看看item输出，现在连输出都没有，就被封了

第五
# Scrapy settings for boos project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'boos'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['boos.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'boos.spiders'

LOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'boos (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20' #伪装请求载体身份

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 # 开启下载延迟
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
# COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'boos.middlewares.BoosSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'boos.middlewares.CookiesMiddlewares': 100,
}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'boos.pipelines.BoosPipeline': 300,
# 'boos.pipelines.MySqlPipeline': 301,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

求助各位大佬，怎么办。小白的我不知道怎么进行写了，求帮帮{:1_937:}{:1_937:}{:1_937:}

chinaqin 发表于 2020-10-30 12:02

用个ip代{过}{滤}理啊，我就是在网上用的ip代{过}{滤}理

gongsui 发表于 2020-10-30 12:04

我连框架都还没学，就已经为ip问题头疼了，基本上大网站都会封ip的，所以，没有ip感觉无法进入下一步学习。

imyxuan 发表于 2020-10-30 12:11

gongsui 发表于 2020-10-30 12:04
我连框架都还没学，就已经为ip问题头疼了，基本上大网站都会封ip的，所以，没有ip感觉无法进入下一步学习。

用IP池，或者sleep一下，不要太频繁

choujie1689 发表于 2020-10-30 12:13

加个延时靠谱一点，之前我怕前程无忧，现在也爬不到了，哈哈

弗由发表于 2020-10-30 12:39

硬核分享。

xxoopp 发表于 2020-10-30 12:55

BOSS是真的狗，你正常浏览多刷几次都告诉你今天不能访问了

枫子树 发表于 2020-10-30 14:57

lyz88588 发表于 2020-10-30 23:09

chinaqin 发表于 2020-10-30 12:02
用个ip代{过}{滤}理啊，我就是在网上用的ip代{过}{滤}理

这个，有时间我尝试一下。

lyz88588 发表于 2020-10-30 23:11

枫子树发表于 2020-10-30 14:57
花钱买ip构建代{过}{滤}理池

那个，我在刚开始抓取元素的时候，response会访问一个报错的页面，抓取不到列表元素。这个是什么问题呢？

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python的scrapy框架爬取Boos直聘无果，被封ip了