新手学习爬虫进入困境咯。。。
第一，创建items：
[Python] 纯文本查看 复制代码 class BoosItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
title_name = scrapy.Field(serializer=str) # 岗位名称
company_name = scrapy.Field(serializer=str) # 公司名称
job_limit = scrapy.Field(serializer=str) # 薪资
job_desc = scrapy.Field(serializer=str) # 工作详情
pass
第二编写BoosSpider
[Python] 纯文本查看 复制代码 class BoosSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'Boos'
# allowed_domains = ['www.zhipin.com']
start_urls = ['https://www.zhipin.com/c101120100/?query=python&page=1']
# base_url = 'https://www.zhipin.com'
# 回调函数接受item
def parse_detail(self,response):
item = response.meta['item']
item['job_desc'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="main"]/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/text()').extract()
yield item
def parse(self, response):
# print(response)
li_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="job-list"]/ul/li')
# print(li_list)
for li in li_list:
item = BoosItem()
item['title_name'] = li.xpath('./div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[1]/span[1]/a/text()').extract_first()
item['company_name'] =li.xpath('./div/div[1]/div[2]/div/h3/a/text()').extract_first()
item['job_limit'] =li.xpath('./div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/span/text()').extract_first()
# 对详情页发请求获取详情页的页面源码数据
# 手动请求的发送
# 请求传参：meta={}，可以将meta字典传递给请求对应的回调函数
details_url = 'https://www.zhipin.com'+li.xpath('./div/div[1]/div[1]/div/@href').extract_first()
yield scrapy.Request(details_url,callback=self.parse_detail,meta={'item':item})
在这里就出现问题 了，正常的是返回一个空列表返回一个空数据，我返回了一下response，发现是错误的页面，所以导致无法获取
第三，编写中间件：
[Python] 纯文本查看 复制代码 # Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
from scrapy import signals
from selenium import webdriver
import random
import time
from scrapy.http.response.html import HtmlResponse
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options # 引入无头
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter
class CookiesMiddlewares(object):
USER_AGENTS = [
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
]
def __init__(self):
print("初始化浏览器")
# 创建一个无头对象，用来控制谷歌浏览器无界面模式打开
# chrome_options = Options()
# chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
# chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')chrome_options=chrome_options
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
def process_request(self,request,spider):
user_agent = random.choice(self.USER_AGENTS)
request.headers['User-Agents'] = user_agent
self.driver.get(request.url)
time.sleep(5)
# 我们等待5秒钟，让其加载
source = self.driver.page_source
#获取页面的源码
response = HtmlResponse(url=self.driver.current_url,body=source,request=request,encoding='utf-8')
# Response 对象用来描述一个HTTP响应
return response
# 这样我们就获取到了所有的信息，并返回response
到这里我使用了selenium打开网页，在进行获取，可以打开相关网页，可以跳转详情页获取，但是还没有获取完毕，就被封IP了
第四，
[Java] 纯文本查看 复制代码 class BoosPipeline:
def process_item(self, item, spider):
print(item)
return item
这里想看看item输出，现在连输出都没有，就被封了
第五
[Python] 纯文本查看 复制代码 # Scrapy settings for boos project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'boos'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['boos.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'boos.spiders'
LOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'boos (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20' #伪装请求载体身份
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 # 开启下载延迟
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
# COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'boos.middlewares.BoosSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'boos.middlewares.CookiesMiddlewares': 100,
}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'boos.pipelines.BoosPipeline': 300,
# 'boos.pipelines.MySqlPipeline': 301,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
求助各位大佬，怎么办。小白的我不知道怎么进行写了，求帮帮
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发表于 2020-10-30 11:57
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发表于 2020-10-30 23:09
